Are you a student considering a career in medicine? Choosing your area of practice is an important decision that requires detailed research and planning. With the countless medical specialties available, it can be difficult for high school and college students to choose which medical field suits their goals best.
It’s best to dive head first into researching medical fields, from primary care physicians to specialized surgeons. You’ll want to know the qualifications each role requires, as well as job environment specifics like schedule differences and salary averages. Empowerly has done some of this research for you, so read on if you want more insight into how many types of doctors there are.
What are the different types of Doctors and salaries?
Each doctor has a level of expertise that makes them unique compared to other practitioners. They have several specialties and subspecialties which you should consider before applying for medical school.
Below, we have gathered information including the different types of doctors, what they do, and their average salary.
1. Epidemiologist
National average salary: $103,811
One of the different types of doctors is an epidemiologist. They will look for potential diseases that cause problems and illnesses. Their primary job is to search for vaccinations for terminal diseases, such as cancer.
2. Allergist & Immunologist
National average salary: $322,955
An allergist or immunologist will focus on various types of disorders concerning the immune system. They’ll look for a solution on how to diagnose, treat, and evaluate these disorders; Some examples of research subjects for these doctors are autoimmune diseases and food allergies.
3. Anesthesiologist
National average salary: $494,522
Anesthesiologists are doctors known to put you to “sleep” when you count to ten before a surgical procedure. But they also administer drugs to numb pain. Their main job is to monitor a patient’s vital signs during operations. And they also know how to handle hospital emergencies, such as breathing problems.
4. Cardiologist
National average salary: $565,485
One of the many medical doctor types is a cardiologist. They are known to focus on diseases and illnesses stemming from the cardiovascular (heart and blood) system. Today, they are medical doctor types that offer non-invasive diagnosis and treatment options due to their more high-tech specialization.
5. Dermatologist
National average salary: $493,659
Another kind of the many different types of doctors is a dermatologist. These professionals focus on skin issues like acne, moles, and other tissue concerns and ailments. They’re also known to perform cosmetic and surgical procedures.
6. Emergency Physician
National average salary: $379,000
Being an emergency physician is one of the most stressful careers in the medical field since they serve in the emergency room. Their specialization requires them to be quick in making decisions, and all hands are always on deck. The fast-paced environment might turn you off, but it’s a position many are interested in because of the immediate potential to save and change lives.
7. Plastic Surgeon
National average salary: $619,812
Plastic surgeons are one of the many doctors who perform surgery on a larger scale. They can surgically reconstruct, repair, or alter a body. Most of the time, plastic surgeons are assigned to help patients with life-altering injuries due to accidents or illnesses. At other times, their work may be primarily cosmetic.
Plastic surgeons are one of the many doctors who perform surgery on a larger scale. They can surgically reconstruct, repair, or alter a body. Most of the time, plastic surgeons are assigned to help patients with life-altering injuries due to accidents or illnesses. At other times, their work may be primarily cosmetic.
8. General Surgeon
National average salary: $464,071
A general surgeon is one of the medical doctor types who can perform surgery, just like plastic surgeons. However, they’re known to have a broad knowledge regarding various diseases and conditions that might require an operation.
9. Neurologist
National average salary: $348,365
A neurologist is a doctor who specializes in a person’s nervous system, spinal cord, brain, and muscles. Most of the time, they help patients with Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, strokes, and diseases affecting the different brain parts.
10. Obstetrician & Gynecologist
National average salary: $382,791
Among the different types of doctors, one unique specialization is obstetrics and gynecology. These doctors specialize in treatments and healthcare for people with uteruses. For instance, an OB will focus on childbirth and care for birthing parents before and after pregnancy.
On the other hand, a gynecologist will help women and those with an internal reproductive system and breasts with hormonal changes and concerns throughout their lives. Both specialists play an important role in ensuring holistic patient health through parenthood.
11. Ophthalmologist
National average salary: $468,581
An ophthalmologist is a doctor who specializes in eye and vision care. Therefore, they help patients with issues that affect the eyes, such as the visual pathways or structure of the eyes. They’re also specialists who can prescribe glasses or contact lenses.
12. Orthopedic Surgeon
National average salary: $654,815
Another specialization among the numerous medical doctor types is orthopedic surgeons. They work on preserving or restoring your spine’s form and function. They often deal with patients with musculoskeletal issues that stem from injuries, diseases, and more. This is another field where cutting edge technology is taking precedence in treatment plans and care.
13. Pediatrician
National average salary: $259,579
Pediatrics focuses on children and their emotional, physical, and social health. It’s their job to administer vaccinations and treat their illnesses after diagnostics. Furthermore, the pediatrician is one of the medical doctor types that can work to prevent any behavioral or developmental problems early on in a person’s development.
14. Preventive Medicine Physician
National average salary: $282,011
Preventative medicine physicians are one of the different types of doctors who focus more on ways the public can stay healthy. They focus on preventing diseases and monitoring health issues and disabilities. Plus, their job encompasses different factors, such as biostatistics, health services management, and more.
15. Psychiatrist
National average salary: $332,976
A psychiatrist is a doctor who can diagnose and treat any disorders of the mind. They can provide treatment through psychotherapeutic treatment and medication. Some examples of mental, addictive, and emotional conditions are schizophrenia, anxiety, etc.
16. Nephrologist
National average salary: $365,323
Nephrologists can treat kidney diseases and fluid and mineral imbalances related to kidney diseases. Furthermore, they know how to treat high blood pressure.
17. Pathologist
National average salary: $360,315
In pathology, the doctors will focus on studying a disease, mainly what has caused it. It helps them understand how it affects the body, and they’re more on doing a lot of lab work to test body cells, secretions, fluids, and tissues.
18. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Physician
National average salary: $376,925
Also called rehabilitation medicine, physicians focus on working with patients with physical disabilities. They are one of the many different types of doctors who will look at the issue from a holistic perspective with a focus on recovery.
19. Radiation Oncologist
National average salary: $569,170
A radiation oncologist will help treat cancer. Their specialty is ionizing radiation, and it involves a lot of radiotherapies. However, they also use radioactive explanations, chemotherapy, hypothermia, and more.
20. Radiologist
National average salary: $531,983
Radiology is one of the many medical doctor types of specialties that can diagnose and treat disease through imaging. It includes X-Ray, MRIs, and ultrasounds. However, they can specialize in different specific areas, such as mammography.
21. Endocrinologist
National average salary: $291,481
An endocrinologist can treat the endocrine system. It’s where the glands produce and secrete hormones in the body. So most of the time, they treat patients with diabetes and thyroid diseases.
22. Gastroenterologist
National average salary: $514,208
One of the specialized medical doctor types is a gastroenterologist. They primarily work on a person’s digestive organs, which include the gallbladder, liver, pancreas, and stomach. Patients who see a gastroenterologist usually have consistent heartburn and digestive issues.
23. Urologist
National average salary: $529,140
A urologist will help patients with issues related to their urinary tract. Most of these infections affect the kidneys, male reproductive organs, adrenal glands, and bladder.
24. General Practitioner
National average salary: $272,000
General practitioners, also known as family doctors, are the first point of contact for most patients. They provide comprehensive healthcare, diagnosing and treating a wide range of conditions. GPs are known for their ability to handle various medical issues, offering preventive care, managing chronic illnesses, and guiding patients through the healthcare system with referrals to specialists when necessary.
25. Geriatric Physician
National average salary: $289,201
Geriatric physicians specialize in the healthcare of elderly patients, addressing the complex medical needs associated with aging. They manage multiple chronic conditions, dementia, and mobility issues, focusing on improving the quality of life for their patients. Geriatricians often work closely with families and caregivers to provide holistic and compassionate care.
26. Oncologist
National average salary: $479,754
Oncologists specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. They develop treatment plans that may include chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, aiming to eradicate or manage the disease. Oncologists provide crucial support to patients and their families, guiding them through the challenging journey of cancer treatment with expertise and empathy.
27. Otolaryngologist (ENT Specialist)
National average salary: $502,543
Otolaryngologists, or ENT specialists, focus on disorders related to the ear, nose, and throat. They treat conditions like hearing loss, sinus issues, and throat diseases. ENT specialists often perform surgeries and provide both medical and surgical treatment options to improve patients’ quality of life by addressing these vital sensory and respiratory functions.
28. Pharmacist
National average salary: $392,534
Pharmacists are healthcare professionals who dispense medications and provide critical information about their use. They ensure patients receive the correct prescriptions and understand how to take them safely. Pharmacists also offer advice on over-the-counter medications, manage chronic disease medications, and contribute to overall patient wellness through medication management.
29. Podiatrist
National average salary: $250,179
Podiatrists specialize in diagnosing and treating conditions of the foot, ankle, and lower extremities. They address issues ranging from sports injuries and fractures to chronic conditions like diabetes-related foot problems. Podiatrists use both surgical and non-surgical methods to help patients maintain mobility and reduce pain.
30. Rheumatologist
National average salary: $305,502
Rheumatologists focus on diseases that affect the joints, muscles, and bones, such as arthritis, lupus, and other autoimmune conditions. They use a combination of medication, lifestyle changes, and physical therapy to manage symptoms and improve patients’ quality of life. Rheumatologists play a crucial role in helping patients manage chronic pain and mobility issues.
31. Neonatologist
National average salary: $338,024
Neonatologists are pediatricians who specialize in the care of newborns, particularly premature or ill infants. They work in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to provide life-saving treatments and monitor the progress of these vulnerable patients. Neonatologists collaborate with a team of healthcare professionals to ensure the best outcomes for newborns and their families.
32. Orthodontist
National average salary: $304,541
Orthodontists specialize in diagnosing and treating dental and facial irregularities. They design and apply braces, retainers, and other devices to straighten teeth and correct bite issues. Orthodontists help patients achieve better oral health and improved aesthetics, boosting their confidence and long-term dental health.
33. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon
National average salary: $603,623
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons perform complex surgeries on the mouth, jaws, and face. They handle a variety of issues, including impacted teeth, facial trauma, and congenital deformities. These surgeons use their expertise to improve both functional and cosmetic aspects, often working in conjunction with other dental and medical specialists.
34. Prosthodontist
National average salary: $196,960
Prosthodontists specialize in the restoration and replacement of teeth. They design and fit dental prosthetics like crowns, bridges, dentures, and implants to help patients regain optimal oral function and appearance. Prosthodontists work closely with patients to create personalized treatment plans that enhance their quality of life through improved dental health.
35. Dentist
National average salary: $209,717
Dentists are general practitioners of oral health, providing a wide range of services to maintain and improve oral hygiene. They perform routine check-ups, cleanings, fillings, and extractions, and diagnose and treat various dental issues. Dentists educate patients on proper oral care practices and play a vital role in preventing dental diseases.
36. Public Health & Preventive Medicine Specialist
National average salary: $192,177
Public Health & Preventive Medicine specialists focus on improving community health and preventing diseases before they occur. They work on creating and implementing policies, conducting research, and promoting healthy lifestyles. These doctors often collaborate with government agencies, educational institutions, and healthcare organizations to develop public health initiatives and programs aimed at reducing the incidence of illness and injury.
37. Family Medicine Doctor
National average salary: $300,813
Family Medicine doctors are primary care physicians who provide comprehensive healthcare for individuals and families across all ages, genders, and diseases. They focus on preventive care, diagnosing and treating a wide range of acute and chronic conditions, and managing overall patient wellness. These doctors often build long-term relationships with patients, making them a cornerstone of ongoing and personalized healthcare.
38. Internal Medicine Doctor
National average salary: $312,526
Internal Medicine doctors, or internists, specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of a broad spectrum of adult illnesses. They are known for their deep understanding of complex medical conditions affecting the internal organs, such as heart disease, diabetes, and lung conditions. Internists often act as primary care providers, coordinating comprehensive care and managing chronic illnesses for their patients.
39. Pulmonologist
National average salary: $410,905
Pulmonologists are medical specialists who focus on respiratory system disorders, including the lungs and airways. They diagnose and treat conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, and other breathing-related issues. Pulmonologists often perform specialized procedures such as bronchoscopies and work closely with other healthcare professionals to manage complex respiratory conditions.
40. Critical Care Doctor (Intensivist)
National average salary: $317,715
Critical Care doctors, also known as intensivists, specialize in the care of critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs). They manage life-threatening conditions and provide advanced monitoring and treatment for patients with severe injuries, infections, and organ failures. Intensivists work in a high-pressure environment, making crucial decisions and collaborating with a multidisciplinary team to ensure the best possible outcomes for their patients.
41. Hematologist
National average salary: $392,260
Hematologists specialize in diagnosing and treating blood disorders and diseases, such as anemia, clotting disorders, leukemia, and lymphoma. They perform blood transfusions, bone marrow biopsies, and other treatments related to blood health.
42. Geneticist
National average salary: $244,517
Geneticists study genes and hereditary traits, helping diagnose and manage genetic disorders. They often work in laboratories, conducting research and genetic testing to understand conditions like cystic fibrosis, Down syndrome, and other inherited diseases.
43. Sleep Medicine Specialist
National average salary: $278,685
Sleep medicine specialists diagnose and treat sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and narcolepsy. They conduct sleep studies and develop treatment plans to improve sleep quality and overall health.
44. Sports Medicine Physician
National average salary: $223,284
Sports medicine physicians specialize in the treatment and prevention of injuries related to sports and exercise. They work with athletes of all levels to help them recover from injuries, improve performance, and maintain overall health.
45. Hyperbaric Physician
National average salary: $198,972
Hyperbaric physicians specialize in hyperbaric medicine, using high-pressure oxygen chambers to treat conditions like decompression sickness, non-healing wounds, carbon monoxide poisoning, and certain infections.
46. Thoracic Surgery
National average salary: $720,634
Thoracic surgeons are highly specialized medical professionals who focus on surgeries of the chest, including the lungs, esophagus, heart, and other vital organs. They are responsible for treating life-threatening conditions such as lung cancer, esophageal disorders, and complex cardiovascular diseases, often performing intricate procedures that require advanced surgical skills.
These surgeons work in a demanding and high-stakes environment, frequently collaborating with cardiologists and pulmonologists to deliver comprehensive care. Their expertise is crucial in improving survival rates and quality of life for patients facing severe thoracic conditions, making them indispensable in the field of surgery.
47. Toxicologist
National average salary: $70,963
Toxicologists study the effects of chemicals, toxins, and other substances on humans, animals, and the environment. They help identify and treat poisoning, develop safety standards, and conduct research on harmful substances.
48. Transplant Surgeon
National average salary: $531,328
Transplant surgeons specialize in performing organ transplants, such as kidney, liver, heart, and lung transplants. They manage the surgical procedures, preoperative and postoperative care, and coordinate with other specialists for successful outcomes.
49. Pain Management Specialist
National average salary: $429,390
Pain management specialists focus on diagnosing and treating chronic pain conditions. They use a variety of techniques, including medication management, physical therapy, nerve blocks, and minimally invasive procedures to help patients manage pain and improve their quality of life.
50. Colon & Rectal Surgeon
National average salary: $455,282
Colon and rectal surgeons, also known as colorectal surgeons, are medical specialists who focus on diagnosing and treating conditions affecting the lower digestive tract, including the colon, rectum, and anus. They are skilled in performing surgeries to address issues like colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and diverticulitis, often using minimally invasive techniques to enhance patient recovery.
These surgeons play a pivotal role in managing both routine and complex cases, working closely with gastroenterologists and oncologists to provide comprehensive care. Their expertise is crucial in improving patients’ quality of life, especially in cases requiring intricate surgical interventions.
Highest Paying States for Doctors
Here are the Top 15 highest earning states in the U.S. for doctors:
- Mississippi: $403,000
- South Dakota: $396,000
- Alabama: $392,000
- Kentucky: $391,000
- Missouri: $387,000
- Montana: $384,000
- Indiana: $382,000
- South Carolina: $381,000
- Minnesota: $378,000
- Nebraska: $376,000
- Wisconsin: $374,000
- Texas: $373,000
- Georgia: $372,000
- Florida: $371,000
- Ohio: $369,000
Lowest Paying States for Doctors
Here are the Top 15 lowest earning states in the U.S. for doctors:
- Hawaii: $324,000
- Rhode Island: $325,000
- New Mexico: $321,000
- Vermont: $319,000
- West Virginia: $322,000
- Maryland: $306,000
- California: $358,000 (varies widely, but generally lower due to high cost of living)
- New York: $321,000 (lower due to high cost of living)
- Massachusetts: $342,000
- New Jersey: $335,000
- Connecticut: $336,000
- Alaska: $345,000
- Oregon: $348,000
- Illinois: $346,000
- District of Columbia: $321,000
Understanding the Specialization of Doctors
Video: What are the different types of doctors? Specialties in Medicine!
Choosing a specialty will happen once you’re in medical school. Here, you will explore the options available, also known as the medical doctor types. Even though medical school is a challenging option, the rewards and its perks are worth it for many.
Sure, you’ll need to take the MCAT, take prerequisites while in college, and join extracurricular activities from a medical standpoint. But if you want to be a part of the different types of doctors, it’s all part of the challenge. Students succeed if they can find ways to thrive under rigorous conditions and have a true passion for working in healthcare.
The Two Types of Medical Degrees
Video: MD vs DO: What’s the difference & which is better?
You can choose from two types of medical degrees before proceeding to the different types of doctors: a Doctor of Medicine (MD) and a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO). Below is more information about these two paths.
Doctor of Medicine (MD
An MD degree focuses on diagnosing and treating disease. Before you can get into an MD program, you need a bachelor’s degree in any related field. Plus, you’ll need to pass the MCAT or the Medical College Admissions Test.
Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO)
A DO degree emphasizes a holistic approach to medicine, considering the patient's overall well-being, including their lifestyle and environment. DOs receive additional training in the musculoskeletal system and osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), which uses hands-on techniques to diagnose, treat, and prevent illness or injury.
Entry into a DO program requires a bachelor's degree in a related field and passing the MCAT. DOs are fully licensed physicians who can prescribe medications, perform surgeries, and practice in all medical specialties, often working in primary care but also in specialized fields like surgery, pediatrics, and emergency medicine.
Choosing the Right Specialization Among the Numerous Medical Doctor Types
If you have been wondering how many types of doctors are there, then the list above can answer your question. However, many others have yet to be mentioned in the list. Of course, you’ll find out more about them once you go to med school!
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