Looking for strong, mid-tier colleges where you can earn your bachelor’s degree without the usual application stress? Want schools in your target range of 40-50% acceptance that won’t leave you empty-handed on decision day? You’re in good company!
The spotlight often shines on the Ivy League or the nation’s top 25 schools. But let’s be real — not every student wants the cutthroat competition or sky-high rejection rates that come with them. What about the hundreds of four-year colleges that offer a solid academic fit for well-rounded, motivated students?
Let’s go beneath the surface to uncover some of the best underrated colleges — those with steady 40–50% acceptance rates — and why you’ll want to add a few to your list.
Why 40-50% acceptance rate colleges deserve a spot on your list
First of all, what exactly are we referring to when we say “acceptance rate”? A college or university’s acceptance rate is the proportion of applicants who are invited to enroll. This counselor provides a quick definition:
Great, so we’re all on the same page about acceptance rates. Why do they matter? Next, we’ll give you a real-life example and explanation of why target colleges (especially those in the middle acceptance range) are so valuable.
The scenario: Sarah, a driven high school student in Texas
Imagine Sarah. She’s a good student with a solid 3.7 GPA and an SAT score of 1300. For the last several years, she’s been involved in extracurriculars like the debate club and volunteering at a local animal shelter.
Sound familiar? Sarah’s profile — strong but not “perfect” — mirrors many real-life students.
For context, the average high school GPA in the U.S. hovers around 3.0, and an SAT score of 1300 places a student in approximately the 86th percentile nationally. That means she’s outscoring the vast majority of her peers and has a solid shot at many schools.
The common pitfall: Sarah’s initial college list
This is where things get tricky.
Like many ambitious students, Sarah dreams big. Her college list leans heavily on prestigious “reach” schools like UC Berkeley and Boston College. She includes a few safe options — such as a local university with an 80% acceptance rate — but doesn’t invest much time into them.
That should be enough, right? Not quite. Here’s the problem with a “top-heavy” or “reach-heavy” college list:
If Sarah only applied to her dream “reach” schools, she’d face incredibly stiff competition. While she’s a strong applicant, so are thousands of others vying for those limited spots. The chances of getting into any of those very selective schools are low for everyone, even top students. If she only applied to 3-5 such schools, she might end up with no acceptances, leading to disappointment and a scramble for last-minute applications.
But if you aren’t excited about your safety options? That’s no good either. Here’s a quick video that summarizes why your whole lineup matters:
The value of target colleges (40-50% acceptance rate range):
This is where target colleges come in, particularly those with acceptance rates in the 40-50% range. In college admissions, “target” or “match” schools are those where your academic profile closely aligns with the middle 50% of accepted students. For many students, these are schools with 40-50% acceptance rates — competitive, but not ultra-selective.
There’s plenty to love about them!
Realistic chances of acceptance (and unspoken confidence)
With her 3.7 GPA and 1300 SAT, Sarah’s academic profile likely falls squarely within the “middle 50%” of admitted students at these institutions. This means she’s a strong, competitive applicant, but not necessarily an overqualified one (which can sometimes lead to being overlooked at safety schools if admissions officers perceive a lack of genuine interest).
Our hero:
Sarah applies to several of these target schools. She receives acceptances from the University of Pittsburgh and Loyola Marymount University. This provides her with tangible options and a significant confidence boost.
Strong academic fit (and intellectual satisfaction)
Colleges in this acceptance range are often excellent institutions with strong academic programs that align well with Sarah’s interests. They offer a challenging and engaging academic environment without the overwhelming pressure cooker atmosphere of some ultra-selective schools. Many colleges in this range still offer acceptance rates lower than 1 in 2 applicants — and yet, they’re overshadowed in the media by ultra-competitive schools.
Our hero:
Both Pitt and LMU offer excellent programs in areas Sarah is interested in (e.g., communications, pre-law). She feels confident she’ll receive a quality education at either.
Potential for merit scholarships (cha-ching)
Because Sarah’s credentials are strong relative to the typical applicant pool at these target schools, she has a much better chance of standing out and being offered merit-based scholarships. This can significantly reduce the cost of attendance.
Our hero:
Sarah receives a $10,000 annual scholarship from Loyola Marymount, making it a much more financially attractive option than some of her more expensive reach schools (even if she had gotten in). This significantly reduces her student loan burden.
Community and engagement (a found family)
These schools often foster vibrant campus communities where students can thrive, get involved in clubs, research, and leadership roles. They are large enough to offer diverse opportunities but often small enough that students don’t get lost in the crowd.
Our hero:
Sarah learns that Pitt has a fantastic debate team she can join, and LMU has strong connections to local animal welfare organizations for continued volunteering. She envisions herself actively participating and contributing to the campus life at these schools.
Reduced application stress (and a much, much better senior year)
By having a healthy number of target schools, Sarah reduces the immense stress of the college application process. She knows she has good options, even if her “reach” schools don’t pan out.
Our hero:
While waiting for decisions from her reach schools, Sarah feels less anxious because she already has excellent acceptance letters and scholarship offers in hand from her target schools.

In essence, target colleges with 40-50% acceptance rates represent a sweet spot. They are academically rigorous, offer strong programs, often provide financial incentives, and most importantly, offer a very realistic path to acceptance for a well-prepared student. For Sarah, this meant having compelling choices and a clear path to her higher education goals, rather than facing potential rejection across the board from overly ambitious applications.
Too often, students overlook these 40–50% acceptance rate colleges because they don’t make headlines — but they’re the steady, reliable options that quietly change lives.
List of colleges with 40-50% acceptance rates
So now you know: having target schools you’re genuinely excited about isn’t just a backup plan — it’s a way to take back control of the admissions process. Rather than letting a 4% acceptance rate determine your future, you’re building a list based on alignment, not prestige. That’s a power move.
Convinced? Let’s get to the good stuff.
This list is ideal for…
- Students with a 3.3 – 3.8 GPA and/or SAT scores around 1150 – 1350
- Families hoping to find schools that offer merit aid and strong outcomes
- Anyone feeling stuck between safety schools and too many reaches
Empowerly Tip: While we’ve used data from the National Center for Education Statistics to build this list, always check individual college websites for the latest admissions info. Some schools don’t report every year — so dig a little deeper when finalizing your list.
Name | Average Acceptance Rate | Address | Website | Type | Campus setting | Campus housing |
Alfred University | 48% | One Saxon Drive, Alfred, New York 14802-1205 | www.alfred.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Rural: Distant | Yes |
American University | 47.4% | 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20016-8001 | www.american.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Large | Yes |
Aultman College of Nursing and Health Sciences | 51% | 2600 6th St SW, Canton, Ohio 44710-1797 | https://www.aultmancollege.edu/ | 4-year, primarily associate’s, Private not-for-profit | City: Small | No |
Austin College | 46.9% | 900 N Grand Ave, Sherman, Texas 75090-4400 | www.austincollege.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Small | Yes |
Ave Maria University | 45% | 5050 Ave Maria Blvd, Ave Maria, Florida 34142-9505 | www.avemaria.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Rural: Distant | Yes |
Averett University | 48% | 420 W Main St, Danville, Virginia 24541 | https://www.averett.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Town: Distant | Yes |
Bennington College | 48% | One College Drive, Bennington, Vermont 05201-6003 | https://www.bennington.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Town: Distant | Yes |
Bentley University | 45% | 175 Forest St, Waltham, Massachusetts 02452-4705 | www.bentley.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Small | Yes |
Berklee College of Music | 49.9% | 1140 Boylston St, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 | www.berklee.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Large | Yes |
Beth Medrash of Asbury Park | 42% | 1500 Vermont Avenue, Lakewood, New Jersey 08701-5842 | https://baismedrashzichronmeir.com/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Suburb: Large | Yes |
Cabarrus College of Health Sciences | 49% | 401 Medical Park Drive, Concord, North Carolina 28025-3959 | https://cabarruscollege.edu/ | 4-year, primarily associate’s, Private not-for-profit | City: Midsize | No |
California State University-Long Beach | 47.1% | 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, California 90840-0115 | www.csulb.edu/ | 4-year, Public | City: Large | Yes |
Central State University | 41% | 1400 Brush Row Rd, Wilberforce, Ohio 45384-1004 | https://www.centralstate.edu/ | 4-year, Public | Rural: Fringe | Yes |
Chicago State University | 41% | 9501 S. King Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60628-1598 | www.csu.edu/ | 4-year, Public | City: Large | Yes |
Clark University | 49% | 950 Main St, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610-1477 | www.clarku.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Midsize | Yes |
Cleary University | 51% | 3750 Cleary Drive, Howell, Michigan 48843 | www.cleary.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Suburb: Midsize | Yes |
College of Saint Mary | 50.1% | 7000 Mercy Rd., Omaha, Nebraska 68106 | https://www.csm.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Large | Yes |
Coppin State University | 45% | 2500 West North Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21216-3698 | www.coppin.edu/ | 4-year, Public | City: Large | Yes |
Defiance College | 56.5% | 701 N Clinton St., Defiance, Ohio 43512 | www.defiance.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Town: Distant | Yes |
DeVry University-California | 43% | 2970 Inland Empire Blvd, Ste 100, Ontario, California 91764 | https://www.devry.edu/ | 4-year, primarily associate’s, Private for-profit | City: Midsize | No |
DeVry University-Illinois | 43% | 4225 Naperville Rd, Suite 400, Lisle, Illinois 60532 | https://www.devry.edu/ | 4-year, primarily associate’s, Private for-profit | Suburb: Large | No |
Dickinson College | 35.3% | College and Louther Streets, Carlisle, Pennsylvania 17013-2896 | https://www.dickinson.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Small | Yes |
Dillard University | 48% | 2601 Gentilly Blvd, New Orleans, Louisiana 70122 | https://www.dillard.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Large | Yes |
Ecclesia College | 63% | 9653 Nations Dr, Springdale, Arkansas 72762 | ecollege.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Rural: Fringe | Yes |
Emerson College | 43.8% | 120 Boylston Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116-4624 | www.emerson.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Large | Yes |
Fairfield University | 52.3% | 1073 N Benson Rd, Fairfield, Connecticut 06824-5195 | fairfield.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Suburb: Large | Yes |
FIDM-Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising | 42% | 919 S Grand Ave, Los Angeles, California 90015-1421 | www.fidm.edu/ | 4-year, primarily associate’s, Private for-profit | City: Large | No |
George Washington University | 49.6% | 1918 F Street, NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20052 | https://www.gwu.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Large | Yes |
Gettysburg College | 43% | 300 N Washington St, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 17325 | https://www.gettysburg.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Town: Fringe | Yes |
Hampton University | 56% | 200 William R. Harvey Way, Hampton, Virginia 23668-0099 | www.hamptonu.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Suburb: Large | Yes |
Illinois Wesleyan University | 42% | 1312 N Park St, Bloomington, Illinois 61702-2900 | www.iwu.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Small | Yes |
Jewish Theological Seminary of America | 52% | 3080 Broadway, New York, New York 10027-4649 | www.jtsa.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Large | Yes |
Johnson C Smith University | 49% | 100 Beatties Ford Road, Charlotte, North Carolina 28216-5398 | https://www.jcsu.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Large | Yes |
Laboure College of Healthcare | 39% | 303 Adams Street, Milton, Massachusetts 02186 | https://www.laboure.edu/ | 4-year, primarily associate’s, Private not-for-profit | Suburb: Large | No |
LeTourneau University | 49.3% | 2100 S Mobberly Ave, Longview, Texas 75602 | www.letu.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Small | Yes |
Loyola Marymount University | 46% | One LMU Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045-2659 | https://www.lmu.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Large | Yes |
Mercy College of Ohio | 50% | 2221 Madison Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43604-1132 | www.mercycollege.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Large | No |
Messenger College | 50% | 2701 Brown Trail, Suite 408, Bedford, Texas 76021 | www.messengercollege.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Suburb: Large | Yes |
Millsaps College | 48% | 1701 North State Street, Jackson, Mississippi 39210 | www.millsaps.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Midsize | Yes |
Minneapolis College of Art and Design | 50% | 2501 Stevens Ave, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404 | https://mcad.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Large | Yes |
Mississippi College | 46% | 200 South Capitol Street, Clinton, Mississippi 39058 | www.mc.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Suburb: Large | Yes |
Mount Marty University | 40% | 1105 W. 8th Street, Yankton, South Dakota 57078-3724 | www.mountmarty.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Town: Remote | Yes |
Newman University | 45% | 3100 McCormick Ave, Wichita, Kansas 67213-2097 | www.newmanu.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Large | Yes |
North Carolina A & T State University | 57% | 1601 E Market St, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411 | www.ncat.edu/ | 4-year, Public | City: Large | Yes |
Nossi College of Art and Design | 40% | 590 Creative Way, Nashville, Tennessee 37115 | https://www.nossi.edu/ | 4-year, Private for-profit | City: Large | No |
Pacific College | 50% | 3160 Red Hill Ave, Costa Mesa, California 92626-3402 | https://www.pacific-college.edu/ | 4-year, primarily associate’s, Private for-profit | City: Midsize | No |
Pacific Union College | 44% | One Angwin Ave, Angwin, California 94508-9707 | https://www.puc.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Rural: Fringe | Yes |
Pennsylvania College of Art and Design | 50% | 204 N Prince St, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17603-0059 | pcad.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Small | Yes |
Pepperdine University | 31% | 24255 Pacific Coast Hwy, Malibu, California 90263 | www.pepperdine.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Suburb: Large | Yes |
Principia College | 47% | 1 Maybeck Place, Elsah, Illinois 62028-9799 | www.principiacollege.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Rural: Fringe | Yes |
Providence College | 48% | 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, Rhode Island 02918-0001 | https://www.providence.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Midsize | Yes |
Quincy University | 58% | 1800 College Ave, Quincy, Illinois 62301-2699 | https://www.quincy.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Town: Remote | Yes |
Randall University | 42% | 3701 S. I-35 Frontage Road, Moore, Oklahoma 73160 | www.ru.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Suburb: Large | Yes |
Regent University | 30% | 1000 Regent University Dr, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23464 | https://www.regent.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Large | Yes |
Rhodes College | 48% | 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, Tennessee 38112-1690 | www.rhodes.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Large | Yes |
Rollins College | 50% | 1000 Holt Avenue, Winter Park, Florida 32789-4499 | https://www.rollins.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Suburb: Large | Yes |
Santa Clara University | 48% | 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95053 | www.scu.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Midsize | Yes |
Southern University and A & M College | 49% | P.O. Box 9374, Harding Blvd, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813 | www.subr.edu/ | 4-year, Public | City: Midsize | Yes |
St Luke’s College | 44% | 2720 Stone Park Blvd, Sioux City, Iowa 51104-0263 | www.stlukescollege.edu/ | 4-year, primarily associate’s, Private not-for-profit | City: Small | No |
St. John’s College | 56% | 1160 Camino Cruz Blanca, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505-4599 | www.sjc.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Rural: Fringe | Yes |
St. John’s College | 56% | 60 College Ave, Annapolis, Maryland 21401 | www.sjc.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Suburb: Large | Yes |
Stevens Institute of Technology | 46% | Castle Point On Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030-5991 | www.stevens.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Suburb: Large | Yes |
Stony Brook University | 48% | 310 Administration Building, Stony Brook, New York 11794-0701 | https://www.stonybrook.edu/ | 4-year, Public | Suburb: Large | Yes |
Syracuse University | 48% | 900 South Crouse Ave., Syracuse, New York 13244 | https://www.syracuse.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Midsize | Yes |
Talmudical Academy-New Jersey | 42% | 868 Route 524, Adelphia, New Jersey 07710 | https://talmudicalacademynj.com/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Suburb: Large | Yes |
Texas A & M International University | 49% | 5201 University Blvd, Laredo, Texas 78041-1900 | www.tamiu.edu/ | 4-year, Public | City: Large | Yes |
Texas Christian University | 48% | 2800 S University Dr, Fort Worth, Texas 76129 | https://www.tcu.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Large | Yes |
The Chicago School at Dallas | 40% | 6275 W Plano Pkwy, Suite 130, Plano, Texas 75093 | https://www.thechicagoschool.edu/in-the-community/locations/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Midsize | No |
The Chicago School at Los Angeles | 40% | 707 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90017 | https://www.thechicagoschool.edu/in-the-community/locations/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Large | No |
The College of Idaho | 44% | 2112 Cleveland Blvd, Caldwell, Idaho 83605-4432 | www.collegeofidaho.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Suburb: Midsize | Yes |
The New England Conservatory of Music | 33% | 290 Huntington Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5018 | https://necmusic.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Large | Yes |
The University of Tampa | 49% | 401 W Kennedy Blvd, Tampa, Florida 33606-1490 | https://www.ut.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Large | Yes |
Thomas University | 41% | 1501 Millpond Rd, Thomasville, Georgia 31792 | www.thomasu.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Town: Distant | Yes |
Union College | 39% | 807 Union Street, Schenectady, New York 12308-2311 | www.union.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Small | Yes |
Union University | 49% | 1050 Union University Dr, Jackson, Tennessee 38305-3697 | www.uu.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Small | Yes |
University of California-Davis | 46% | One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616-8678 | ucdavis.edu/ | 4-year, Public | Suburb: Small | Yes |
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign | 45% | 601 E John Street, Champaign, Illinois 61820-5711 | www.illinois.edu/ | 4-year, Public | City: Small | Yes |
University of La Verne | 53% | 1950 Third St, La Verne, California 91750-4401 | https://www.laverne.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Suburb: Large | Yes |
University of Maryland-College Park | 48% | College Park, Maryland 20742 | www.umd.edu/ | 4-year, Public | Suburb: Large | Yes |
University of Pittsburgh | 49% | 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 | www.pitt.edu/ | 4-year, Public | City: Large | Yes |
University of San Diego | 49% | 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92110-2492 | www.sandiego.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Large | Yes |
University of South Florida | 42% | 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, Florida 33620-9951 | www.usf.edu/ | 4-year, Public | City: Large | Yes |
University of Washington-Seattle Campus | 49% | 1400 NE Campus Parkway, Seattle, Washington 98195-4550 | https://www.washington.edu/ | 4-year, Public | City: Large | Yes |
University of West Georgia | 45% | 1601 Maple St, Carrollton, Georgia 30118-0001 | www.westga.edu/ | 4-year, Public | Town: Distant | Yes |
University of Wisconsin-Madison | 49% | 500 Lincoln Dr, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1380 | www.wisc.edu/ | 4-year, Public | City: Large | Yes |
Warner University | 39% | 13895 Hwy 27, Lake Wales, Florida 33859-8797 | www.warner.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Rural: Fringe | Yes |
Washington Adventist University | 40% | 7600 Flower Ave, Takoma Park, Maryland 20912 | https://www.wau.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Suburb: Large | Yes |
Whitman College | 48% | 345 Boyer Ave, Walla Walla, Washington 99362 | www.whitman.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | City: Small | Yes |
York University | 48% | 1125 E 8th St, York, Nebraska 68467-2699 | www.york.edu/ | 4-year, Private not-for-profit | Town: Remote | Yes |
Bonus: As you research, look for programs that match your interests. Many of the universities on this list with 40-50% acceptance still offer competitive honors colleges, where students can even get small classes, priority registration, and unique research opportunities. For instance:
- Clark University – Psychology and International Development
- Bentley University – Business and Analytics
- Emerson College – Communications and Film
- University of Pittsburgh – Pre-health and Research Opportunities
- Stony Brook University – Computer Science and Engineering

Conclusion: How to use this list strategically
Today, we explored a range of standout colleges and universities across the U.S. that consistently report acceptance rates in the 40–50 percent range. These institutions offer academic rigor, real chances of admission, financial aid opportunities, and supportive communities — without the crushing selectivity of ultra-competitive schools.
Need help building a balanced college list for yourself?
Even with a curated list like this, one truth remains: you can’t apply everywhere. Applying to 100 schools isn’t realistic or necessary. Each application costs time, energy, and often hundreds of dollars in fees. That’s why your list needs to be strategic. So, how do you narrow it down?
Aim for a final list of about 10–15 schools, max. These should span a healthy mix of:
- Safety schools (where your chances of admission are 80%+),
- Target schools (like the ones we’ve featured here, in the 40–50% range), and
- Reach schools (including a dream or two, as long as they’re realistic).
This spread maximizes your chances of receiving multiple acceptances — and gives you real options when decision season rolls around. With your final list, take extra time to research their merit scholarships and program strengths, and add the important deadlines to your application calendar.
Still unsure? Check out this comprehensive starter on what all these terms mean: Empowerly’s Guide to Understanding the College List.
Finally, watch this counselor’s video for advice on what NOT to do with your college list:
Need more help?
Did you know that a 40-50% acceptance rate still means fewer than 1 in 2 applicants are admitted? These schools are selective — just not ultra-competitive. Empowerly’s expert counselors specialize in matching students with best-fit schools, including many of the underrated gems on this list. We’ll help you narrow your choices, craft standout applications, and create a strategy tailored to your individual goals.
Book a free consultation today and take the guesswork out of your college journey.