Frequently Asked Questions
AB vs BA Degree: What’s the Difference?
When families start comparing colleges, a surprisingly common question comes up: what’s the difference between an AB and a BA degree? At first glance, the two can look almost identical — both are bachelor’s degrees in the arts or humanities, both typically take around four years to complete for full-time students, and both can prepare students for graduate school or the job market. Yet the letters themselves, AB versus BA, often spark confusion, especially for students building a college list and trying to understand how each option might shape their academic experience.
This distinction matters more than you might think. For many students, understanding what AB and BA really signify becomes part of a larger conversation about academic fit, curriculum style, and even institutional culture. While the letters on the diploma won’t make or break a student’s future, the programs behind those letters can influence what classes they take, how they engage with faculty, and how their transcript looks to graduate schools and employers.
If you’re a student or parent in a competitive high school environment, you’re probably already thinking about majors, requirements, and how to stand out. Knowing the difference between an AB and a BA degree can help you ask sharper questions on college tours, read course catalogs more confidently, and choose a program that truly aligns with your goals — not just a set of initials that looks familiar.
AB vs BA: Where Did These Letters Come From?
The AB/BA distinction traces back to Latin. Historically, universities conferred degrees using Latin titles, and some institutions — especially older, research-intensive universities — have preserved this tradition.
BA stands for Bachelor of Arts, from the Latin
. Most American colleges translate this into English order, putting “Bachelor” first, then “Arts,” so you see BA on the diploma and in the catalog. AB, on the other hand, keeps the Latin word order:
, literally “Arts Bachelor.” It’s the same phrase, simply reversed.
Universities like Harvard, Princeton, Brown, and Georgetown traditionally award the AB rather than the BA. They do this not because the curriculum is inherently more prestigious, but because they maintain older academic customs. Many of these institutions also use Latin names on diplomas and at commencement ceremonies.
In other words, when you see AB instead of BA, you’re usually seeing a reflection of institutional history and culture — not a fundamentally different level of degree. However, at certain universities, the AB label does coincide with a specific structure of requirements or a focus on the liberal arts that’s worth understanding in more depth.
Do AB and BA Degrees Mean Different Things Academically?
In most cases, AB and BA degrees are academically equivalent. Both typically require a similar total number of credits (often around 120 semester credits at U.S. institutions), a mix of general education requirements and major courses, and sometimes a capstone project, thesis, or senior seminar. Graduate schools and employers usually treat them as interchangeable — they are both undergraduate liberal arts degrees.
However, individual colleges sometimes attach slightly different expectations to each label. For example, at some universities, the AB might emphasize a broader, more traditional liberal arts core with distribution requirements across the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. The BA might be offered alongside other degree types (such as BS or BFA) with more specialized or professionally oriented tracks.
It’s essential to remember that these differences stem from institutional policy, not from a nationwide standard about what “AB” or “BA” must include. The only way to know what an AB or BA means at a particular school is to read that school’s academic catalog and talk with advisors or admissions counselors.
From an admissions strategy standpoint, students aiming for highly selective colleges shouldn’t worry about whether the college ultimately awards an AB or a BA. Instead, they should focus on the intellectual experience that comes with that degree: How flexible is the curriculum? Is there room for double majors, minors, or certificates? How early can you declare a concentration or major? These questions will impact day-to-day life far more than a pair of letters on your diploma.
Examples of Colleges That Offer AB Degrees
To make this more concrete, consider a few well-known institutions that award the AB:
— Undergraduates receive an AB or SB (the Latin equivalent of BS) depending on their field. Harvard emphasizes a broad liberal arts education, even for students in technical majors, through its general education and distribution requirements.
— Most students earn an AB, with a smaller number earning a BSE (Bachelor of Science in Engineering). All AB students complete distribution requirements, a foreign language, and independent work such as junior papers and a senior thesis.
— Brown’s open curriculum and Latin degree naming mean many graduates hold an AB, depending on their concentration, with others earning ScB or other designations. The emphasis is on student-driven course selection within a liberal arts framework.
— Certain schools within Georgetown, especially the College of Arts & Sciences, confer the AB, maintaining historical language and emphasizing a core in philosophy, theology, and the humanities alongside other distribution requirements.
At each of these colleges, what truly shapes the academic experience is the curriculum structure — things like core requirements, advising, and the expectation of independent research — not the letters AB themselves. Yet the AB label does signal that you’re in a liberal arts framework built around broad intellectual exploration.
What About BA Degrees?
The BA (Bachelor of Arts) is by far the more common designation across American colleges and universities. Public flagships, regional universities, and many private colleges use BA/BS as their standard terminology, reserving AB only at institutions with specific historical traditions.
BA degrees are typically offered in fields like English, history, political science, psychology, sociology, languages, and many interdisciplinary majors. At some universities, you might even be able to pursue a BA in subjects that are also offered as a BS — for example, a BA in Computer Science that emphasizes theory and breadth, or a BS that emphasizes technical depth and additional math and science requirements.
Because BA is so widely used, students and families sometimes assume it’s the “default” option and that AB must therefore mean something more elite or unusual. In reality, BA simply reflects contemporary English usage, while AB preserves older Latin phrasing. Again, the value of either degree lies in the rigor of the program and the opportunities students seize, not the acronym.
How Do Grad Schools and Employers View AB vs BA?
One concern families raise is how these degree titles will be interpreted on resumes, graduate school applications, or professional licensing forms. Graduate programs and employers are familiar with both AB and BA and generally treat them as equivalent.
Law schools, medical schools, PhD programs, and professional master’s degrees evaluate applicants based on transcript strength, letters of recommendation, personal statements, and relevant experiences — not whether the diploma reads AB or BA. Admissions committees regularly review applications from Harvard, Princeton, Brown, Georgetown, and other AB-granting institutions. They recognize that AB is a liberal arts bachelor’s degree and do not evaluate it differently purely because of the label.
In the job market, recruiters are similarly focused on what you studied, how you performed, and what skills you bring. When a hiring manager sees “Harvard University, AB in Government” on a resume, they interpret it in the same general way they’d interpret “State University, BA in Political Science.” If there’s any confusion at all, it’s typically resolved quickly — and may simply prompt a brief clarifying question about the student’s academic background.
Practically speaking, the far more important factors are GPA, internships, research, leadership, and how clearly a student can articulate the value of their education. Whether those experiences culminate in an AB or BA has minimal real-world impact.
Course Requirements: Are AB Programs More “Liberal Arts Heavy”?
Another common assumption is that AB degrees are more “purely liberal arts,” with heavier humanities and language requirements. There is some truth to this at certain institutions, but it’s not a universal rule.
For example, many AB programs at historically liberal arts–focused universities require multiple semesters of a foreign language, a writing-intensive first-year seminar or core humanities sequence, and distribution across diverse areas such as literature, arts, culture, social analysis, quantitative reasoning, and scientific inquiry.
Students who choose these programs often do so because they value breadth, critical thinking, and interdisciplinary exploration. They may be interested in law, policy, education, public service, or graduate study in the humanities or social sciences — all fields where reading, writing, argumentation, and historical perspective are central.
That said, plenty of BA programs at non-AB schools have equally robust liberal arts cores. A BA from a strong honors college within a public university can involve just as much intellectual challenge and breadth as an AB from a traditional Ivy League institution. The key is to examine the actual course map: What is required each year? How many electives are available? Are students encouraged to design independent projects or theses?
Choosing Between AB and BA When Both Are Offered
A smaller number of colleges offer both AB and BA options in related fields, which can force a more concrete decision. In these cases, the choice often reflects differing requirements rather than a difference in prestige.
Imagine a university where students can choose either an AB in Economics or a BA in Economics. The AB might require additional coursework in language and humanities, while the BA might integrate more quantitative methods or business-related electives. Neither is “better,” but each suits different long-term plans.
Students aiming for policy work, international relations, or graduate study in political economy might find the AB’s broader liberal arts foundation more compelling. Students with a clear path toward data analytics, finance, or a technical master’s program might favor the BA if it includes more math and applied coursework.
When both degrees are available, it’s worth asking how many credits differ between the AB and BA, what kinds of upper-division courses each track prioritizes, and whether there are distinct capstone projects, internships, or research expectations.
Advising offices, department websites, and alumni panels can help clarify how graduates from each track tend to use their degrees. Students can also talk with current undergraduates in each program to understand day-to-day realities: workload, flexibility, and the culture of the department.
Does an AB or BA Degree Affect Earning Potential?
Families are understandably interested in the financial implications of any academic choice. There is no strong evidence that the letters AB versus BA, in isolation, systematically influence long-term earning potential. Salary data from sources like the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce typically group all bachelor’s degrees together, or distinguish them by field (for instance, engineering versus humanities), not by whether the degree is labeled AB or BA.
Within fields, earnings differences are far more closely tied to occupation, location, and experience than to the exact naming of the undergraduate degree. An AB in Economics and a BA in Economics from similarly rigorous institutions can lead to very similar career paths in consulting, finance, research, or public policy. The differentiators will be internships, networking, technical skills, and graduate education more than the acronym itself.
That said, the type of curriculum often associated with AB or BA degrees can shape skill sets that influence salary trajectories over time. For example, an AB program with intensive writing and critical analysis might cultivate communication skills that help a graduate advance into leadership roles. A BA track with more quantitative coursework might equip a student for data-driven roles that command higher entry-level compensation. But again, these outcomes are about substance — what you studied and how you applied it — rather than about three letters on parchment.
How Geography and Institutional Culture Play In
Whether you are more likely to encounter AB or BA degrees often depends on geography and institutional history. In the Northeast — particularly in cities like Boston and Providence, and in towns such as Princeton — Latin degree names have remained more common at certain long-established universities. As a result, families touring colleges across New England and parts of the Mid-Atlantic are more likely to see “AB” in brochures, course catalogs, and alumni profiles.
By contrast, many colleges and universities across the Midwest, South, and West Coast primarily use BA and BS language, mirroring contemporary English usage. Large public systems in California, Texas, and the Midwest rarely use AB designations, even for very traditional arts and humanities programs. Instead, they communicate their liberal arts commitments through honors colleges, general education sequences, and first-year seminars rather than Latin titles.
For students building a college list that spans regions, it can be reassuring to recognize that AB versus BA is largely a regional and historical artifact. A student visiting Harvard in Massachusetts and a student visiting UCLA in California are both looking at rigorous paths to a bachelor’s degree in the arts or humanities. The difference in initials says more about institutional heritage than about educational quality.
AB vs BA for International Students
International students sometimes encounter additional confusion when translating AB and BA into their home country’s educational systems. Credential evaluation services and international admissions offices are generally familiar with these designations and typically classify both AB and BA degrees under the broader umbrella of bachelor’s degrees in arts, humanities, or social sciences.
For students who intend to work or pursue graduate study outside the United States after earning an AB, it can be helpful to request a brief explanation from the registrar’s office or international student services about the equivalence of AB and BA degrees. This explanation can accompany applications or be kept on hand for future documentation requests.
In practice, international employers and universities are usually more focused on the institution’s reputation, accreditation, and the student’s specific field of study than on whether the degree is labeled AB or BA. A well-structured AB or BA program at an accredited U.S. university is widely recognized as a strong academic credential, particularly when paired with solid grades and relevant experience.
Strategic Considerations for College Applicants
If AB and BA are largely equivalent in prestige and recognition, how should high school students and families actually use this information when planning for college?
First, treat AB versus BA as a signal to ask better questions, not as a ranking system in itself. When you see AB in a course catalog, let it prompt you to explore the school’s history with the liberal arts, its core requirements, and its philosophy about undergraduate education. When you see BA, ask how the institution structures general education, whether there are honors or interdisciplinary options, and how flexible the major pathways are.
Second, consider your learning style and long-term goals. If you thrive on discussion-based seminars, close reading, and writing-intensive courses, you may feel especially at home in programs that lean into the traditional liberal arts model often associated with AB degrees. If you prefer applied projects, labs, or data-driven coursework, look for BA or BS options that integrate those elements — or AB programs that deliberately weave in quantitative methods and fieldwork.
Third, think about the story your degree will help you tell. When you eventually apply for jobs or graduate school, you’ll need to explain why you chose your major and how your coursework prepared you. Whether it’s called an AB or BA, the most compelling narrative will highlight specific experiences: a thesis project, a community-engaged research seminar, a policy internship, or an interdisciplinary capstone. Choosing a program that supports those opportunities should be a higher priority than the letters attached to the diploma.
Common Myths About AB vs BA — and the Reality
In reality, prestige comes from the institution’s overall reputation and the strength of its programs, not from the degree label. A BA from a highly selective university can carry more weight than an AB from a lesser-known college, and vice versa. The most selective universities offering AB degrees do so largely because of tradition, not because AB is inherently “higher.”
Employers routinely hire graduates from AB-granting institutions and treat AB as equivalent to BA. Many human resources systems categorize both together under a general bachelor’s degree or arts/humanities category. When questions arise, they’re quickly clarified and rarely affect hiring decisions.
Many AB programs do emphasize humanities and language study, but this is not universal. Some BA programs have equally robust liberal arts requirements, while some AB tracks are highly quantitative or interdisciplinary. Always verify by reviewing specific requirements at each institution.
Graduate admissions committees evaluate academic preparation, research experience, and fit with the program. They do not award bonus points for AB over BA or vice versa. Strong letters of recommendation, a thoughtful statement of purpose, and evidence of disciplinary engagement matter far more.
How Empowerly Can Help You Navigate AB vs BA — and Beyond
While AB versus BA might seem like a small technical detail, it often opens the door to bigger questions about academic fit, college culture, and long-term strategy. This is where individualized guidance can make a significant difference. Instead of treating all bachelor’s degrees as interchangeable, a nuanced college plan looks at curriculum design, advising structures, research opportunities, and how all of those align with a student’s strengths.
Empowerly counselors work with students across the country — and around the world — to decode these details. Together, you can look not only at which colleges use AB or BA, but how those choices intersect with honors programs, dual-degree options, or five-year master’s tracks. For a student passionate about international relations, that might mean comparing an AB in Government with a BA in Global Studies at different institutions. For a budding data scientist who also loves philosophy, it might involve crafting a plan that balances quantitative rigor with humanities seminars, regardless of the letters on the diploma.
If you’re feeling overwhelmed by catalogs, open tabs, and conflicting advice from well-meaning friends and family, you’re not alone. Many high-achieving students find that the hardest part of college planning isn’t the work itself — it’s knowing which questions to ask. Clarifying the meaning of AB versus BA is one step toward building that confidence and clarity.
If you’d like a customized conversation about how these degree options fit into your broader college and career goals, you can schedule a one-on-one consultation with an Empowerly advisor. They can walk through your interests, academic record, and target regions — whether you’re drawn to AB-granting institutions in the Northeast or BA-focused universities closer to home — and help you design a list that fits both your aspirations and your daily learning style.
Taking Your Next Step
At the end of the day, AB and BA degrees are two names for fundamentally similar academic achievements. The more meaningful distinction lies beneath the surface: how a college structures learning, supports exploration, and challenges students to grow. As you compare programs, keep your focus on substance over symbolism. Look closely at courses, talk to current students, ask about advising, and consider where you’ll feel both stretched and supported.
If you’re ready to move from abstract questions to a concrete plan — one that accounts for AB versus BA, major selection, extracurricular strategy, and long-term goals — a personalized consultation can save you time and help you make more confident decisions. Empowerly specializes in helping students turn complex information into a clear path forward.
You don’t have to navigate the nuances of AB and BA degrees alone. With expert guidance, you can choose the environment that fits you best, maximize the value of whichever degree you pursue, and position yourself for the opportunities you care about most. Consider booking a complimentary consultation with Empowerly to start mapping out a college strategy that fits who you are today and who you want to become tomorrow.
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